这里是**数小仓的窝**，分享数学物理笔记、习题与翻译资料，也记录计算机实践和生活见闻。

[逛文章](https://xumin.net/category?lang=zh) · 
[读笔记](https://xumin.net/post/notes?lang=zh) · [找课程](https://xumin.net/post/openlectures?lang=zh) · [用工具](https://xumin.net/post/tools?lang=zh)


---

**[逛文章](https://xumin.net/category?lang=zh)**

文章围绕数学、物理与计算机展开，目前包括

- 代数 I
- 量子力学习题解
- 一些目前不成体系的数学小文章
- 网站搭建、服务器部署、网络配置等计算机捣鼓小记录
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这里集中整理课程笔记、习题与翻译资料，主要是（大学本科及以上的）数学与物理相关方面：

- 分析
- 代数
- 拓扑
- 几何
- 物理

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**[找课程](https://xumin.net/post/openlectures?lang=zh)**

这里按分析、代数、拓扑、几何与物理等方向汇集公开课资源，既有基础课程，也有进一步学习的专题讲座。课程条目附有主讲人和观看链接，方便按兴趣与学习进度选择。

**[用工具](https://xumin.net/post/tools?lang=zh)**

这里主要是土法制作的在线工具

- 绘制 Feynman 图
- 绘制交换图
- 在线 LaTeX 项目
- 高中物理互动动画
- 3D 魔方
- STL 转 STEP 模型转换工具

可以按需取用，也欢迎随手玩玩。

---

如果你发现推导有误、表述不清或链接失效，欢迎在评论区指出；如果某个问题也让你感兴趣，也欢迎交流。

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希望你能在这里找到一份值得细读的笔记，或一个恰好用得上的工具。

Welcome to **Hamathster**, where I share notes, exercises, and translations in mathematics and physics, alongside computing projects and observations from everyday life.

[Browse Articles](https://xumin.net/category?lang=en) · [Read Notes](https://xumin.net/post/notes?lang=en) · [Find Courses](https://xumin.net/post/openlectures?lang=en) · [Use Tools](https://xumin.net/post/tools?lang=en)



**[Browse Articles](https://xumin.net/category?lang=en)**

The articles explore mathematics, physics, and computing. Current topics include:

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---

If you spot an error in a derivation, an unclear explanation, or a broken link, please just make comments below. If a topic interests you, I’d be happy to discuss it.

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I hope you'll find a set of notes worth reading closely, or a tool that's just what you need.

第一次来？从这里开始。

First Time Here? Start Here.

假设正十七边形边长为$a$，内接于单位圆。显然，$a=2\sin\left(\dfrac{\pi}{17}\right)$。可以运用复数方法求出$a$的代数表达式，因而也就解决了正十七边形尺规作图问题。



设 $x=\mathrm{e}^{\frac{2\pi\mathrm{i}}{17}}$，由于 $x^{0}$，$x^{1}$，$x^{2}$，$\ldots$，$x^{16}$ 都是方程 $x^{17}-1=0$ 的根，因此有
$$
x^{0}+x^{1}+x^{2}+\cdots+x^{16}=0
$$
或
$$
x^{1}+x^{2}+x^{3}+\cdots+x^{16}=-1
$$
现在令
$$
\begin{aligned}
s&=x^{1}+x^{9}+x^{9^{2}}+x^{9^{3}}+\cdots+x^{9^{7}}\\
&=x^{1}+x^{9}+x^{13}+x^{15}+x^{16}+x^{8}+x^{4}+x^{2},\\
s^{\prime}&=x^{3}+x^{3^{3}}+x^{3^{5}}+\cdots+x^{3^{15}}\\
&=x^{3}+x^{10}+x^{5}+x^{11}+x^{14}+x^{7}+x^{12}+x^{6}.
\end{aligned}
$$
在得到这两式时用到了 $x^{17}=1$ 以及
$$
\begin{aligned}
9^{2}&=4\times 17+13,\\
9^{3}&=42\times 17+15,\\
&\vdots\\
3^{3}&=1\times 17+10,
\end{aligned}
$$
将 $s$ 和 $s^{\prime}$ 直接相乘，即可验证
$$
ss^{\prime}=-4
$$
在复平面上标出 $x^{0}$，$x^{1}$，$\ldots$，$x^{16}$ 的位置。可以看出，这些点均匀地分布在单位圆上，而且，$x^{1}$ 与 $x^{16}$，$x^{9}$ 与 $x^{8}$，$x^{13}$ 与 $x^{4}$，以及 $x^{15}$ 与 $x^{2}$ 都互为共轭，这说明 $s$ 一定为实数，并且从 $x^{1}$，$x^{2}$，$x^{4}$ 和 $x^{5}$ 各点地具体位置可以进一步断定 $s$ 为正。因此
$$
s=\dfrac{1}{2}(\sqrt{17}-1),\qquad s^{\prime}=-\dfrac{1}{2}(\sqrt{17}+1).
$$
再进一步将 $s$ 和 $s^{\prime}$ 拆成两组数之和：
$$
\begin{aligned}
p&=x^{1}+x^{13}+x^{16}+x^{4},&\qquad p^{\prime}&=x^{9}+x^{15}+x^{8}+x^{2},\\
q&=x^{3}+x^{5}+x^{14}+x^{12},&\qquad q^{\prime}&=x^{10}+x^{11}+x^{7}+x^{6},
\end{aligned}
$$
容易验证
$$
\begin{aligned}
p+p^{\prime}&=s,&\qquad pp^{\prime}&=-1.\\
q+q^{\prime}&=s^{\prime},&\qquad qq^{\prime}&=-1.\\
\end{aligned}
$$
所以
$$
p=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(s+\sqrt{s^{2}+4}\right),\qquad q=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(s^{\prime}+\sqrt{s^{\prime 2}+4}\right).
$$
再令
$$
r=x^{1}+x^{16},\qquad r^{\prime}=x^{13}+x^{4},
$$
显然，又有
$$
r+r^{\prime}=p,\qquad rr^{\prime}=q.
$$
所以
$$
r=x^{1}+x^{16}=2\cos\dfrac{2\pi}{17}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(p+\sqrt{p^{2}-4q}\right).
$$
最后求得
$$
a=\sqrt{2-r}.
$$
用尺规作图法可以作出 $s$，$s^{\prime}$，$p$，$q$ 和 $r$，因此也就求出了正十七边形的边长$a$.

Suppose a regular 17-gon has side length $a$ and is inscribed in the unit circle. Clearly,

$$
a=2\sin\left(\dfrac{\pi}{17}\right).
$$

Using complex numbers, one can obtain an algebraic expression for $a$, thereby solving the problem of constructing a regular 17-gon with straightedge and compass.



Let

$$
x=\mathrm{e}^{\frac{2\pi\mathrm{i}}{17}}.
$$

Since

$$
x^0,x^1,x^2,\ldots,x^{16}
$$

are all roots of the equation

$$
x^{17}-1=0,
$$

we have

$$
x^0+x^1+x^2+\cdots+x^{16}=0,
$$

or

$$
x^1+x^2+x^3+\cdots+x^{16}=-1.
$$

Now let

$$
\begin{aligned}
s
&=
x^1+x^9+x^{9^2}+x^{9^3}+\cdots+x^{9^7}\\
&=
x^1+x^9+x^{13}+x^{15}+x^{16}+x^8+x^4+x^2,\\
s^{\prime}
&=
x^3+x^{3^3}+x^{3^5}+\cdots+x^{3^{15}}\\
&=
x^3+x^{10}+x^5+x^{11}+x^{14}+x^7+x^{12}+x^6.
\end{aligned}
$$

In obtaining these expressions, we have used

$$
x^{17}=1
$$

together with

$$
\begin{aligned}
9^2&=4\times17+13,\\
9^3&=42\times17+15,\\
&\vdots\\
3^3&=1\times17+10.
\end{aligned}
$$

Multiplying $s$ and $s^{\prime}$ directly, one can verify that

$$
ss^{\prime}=-4.
$$

Now mark the points

$$
x^0,x^1,\ldots,x^{16}
$$

in the complex plane.

We see that these points are uniformly distributed on the unit circle. Moreover,

$$
x^1\text{ and }x^{16},
\qquad
x^9\text{ and }x^8,
\qquad
x^{13}\text{ and }x^4,
\qquad
x^{15}\text{ and }x^2
$$

are pairs of complex conjugates.

This shows that $s$ must be real. Furthermore, from the specific positions of the points

$$
x^1,x^2,x^4,x^5,
$$

we may conclude that $s$ is positive.

Therefore,

$$
s=\dfrac{1}{2}(\sqrt{17}-1),
\qquad
s^{\prime}=-\dfrac{1}{2}(\sqrt{17}+1).
$$

We now further split $s$ and $s^{\prime}$ into sums of two groups:

$$
\begin{aligned}
p&=x^1+x^{13}+x^{16}+x^4,
&
\qquad
p^{\prime}&=x^9+x^{15}+x^8+x^2,\\
q&=x^3+x^5+x^{14}+x^{12},
&
\qquad
q^{\prime}&=x^{10}+x^{11}+x^7+x^6.
\end{aligned}
$$

It is easy to verify that

$$
\begin{aligned}
p+p^{\prime}&=s,
&
\qquad
pp^{\prime}&=-1,\\
q+q^{\prime}&=s^{\prime},
&
\qquad
qq^{\prime}&=-1.
\end{aligned}
$$

Hence

$$
p
=
\dfrac{1}{2}
\left(
s+\sqrt{s^2+4}
\right),
\qquad
q
=
\dfrac{1}{2}
\left(
s^{\prime}+\sqrt{s^{\prime2}+4}
\right).
$$

Next, let

$$
r=x^1+x^{16},
\qquad
r^{\prime}=x^{13}+x^4.
$$

Clearly,

$$
r+r^{\prime}=p,
\qquad
rr^{\prime}=q.
$$

Therefore,

$$
r
=
x^1+x^{16}
=
2\cos\dfrac{2\pi}{17}
=
\dfrac{1}{2}
\left(
p+\sqrt{p^2-4q}
\right).
$$

Finally,

$$
a=\sqrt{2-r}.
$$

Using straightedge-and-compass constructions, we can construct

$$
s,\quad s^{\prime},\quad p,\quad q,\quad r,
$$

and hence obtain the side length $a$ of the regular 17-gon.

Gauß的正十七边形尺规作图

Algebraic Construction of the Regular 17-gon

- **考试时间：** 45分钟
- **题目数量：** 50题
- **题型：** 单项选择题（20道）、判断题（20道）、多项选择题（10道）
- **分值**：每题2分
- **满分：** 100分
- **合格分数：** 90分及以上




# 案例题常见情况

- A2不可驾驶大型客车（属于准驾不符）
- 中型客车不能超过19人（超过就属于超员）
- 限速问题如果题目没给出，那么特殊路段默认车速不能超过30km/h（超过就属于超速）
- 20mg/100ml<酒精含量<80mg/100ml（选项找酒驾）
- 80mg/100ml<酒精含量（选项找醉驾）
- 不能一直使用远光灯（属于不按规定使用灯光）
- 加速抢道（属于不按规定会车）
- 货车载人（属于非法载客）
- 客车乘载大于核载（属于客车超员）
- 货车实载大于核载（属于货车超载）
-

* **Exam duration:** 45 minutes
* **Number of questions:** 50
* **Question types:** Single-choice questions (20), True/False questions (20), Multiple-choice questions (10)
* **Score:** 2 points per question
* **Full score:** 100 points
* **Passing score:** 90 points or above



# Common Situations in Case-Based Questions

* An A2 license does not permit driving a large bus. This is considered **driving a vehicle inconsistent with the permitted license category**.
* A medium-sized bus may not carry more than 19 people. Exceeding this limit is considered **passenger overloading**.
* If no speed limit is given in the question, the default maximum speed on special road sections is generally $30\mathrm{km/h}$. Exceeding this is considered **speeding**.
* If

  $$
  20\mathrm{mg}/100\mathrm{ml}
  <
  \text{blood alcohol concentration}
  <
  80\mathrm{mg}/100\mathrm{ml},
  $$

  choose the option corresponding to **driving after drinking alcohol**.
* If

  $$
  80\mathrm{mg}/100\mathrm{ml}
  <
  \text{blood alcohol concentration},
  $$

  choose the option corresponding to **drunk driving**.
* High beams must not be used continuously when prohibited. This is considered **improper use of vehicle lights**.
* Accelerating to force your way through when meeting oncoming traffic is considered **improper meeting of vehicles**.
* Carrying passengers in a cargo truck is considered **illegal passenger transport**.
* If the actual number of passengers in a passenger vehicle exceeds its approved capacity, it is considered **passenger overloading**.
* If the actual load of a cargo vehicle exceeds its approved load capacity, it is considered **cargo overloading**.

C2驾照：科目四

C2 Driver’s License: Subject 4

# 候考

1. 在规定位置集合，通过身份证统一拿考试牌。
2. 到二楼，使用身份证进行身份验证，要求如下：
- 不允许戴帽子
- 不允许戴口罩
- 不允许戴变色眼镜
- 必须把下巴露出来

如果身份证刷不过去，耐心等待进行人工验证。

3. 进入候考大厅，等待点名。
4. 点名后，下楼坐摆渡车，到达待考区，在后面的电子存储柜存手机，耐心等待点名（可能会很久）。
5. 点名后，上车后调节好座椅，准备好后，报姓名、身份证后四位，看前方摄像头
7. 在主驾驶位进行人脸识别后，之后不允许说话。



# 一、上车准备项目

1. 听到上车准备语音播报“身份验证成功，请上车开始考试”的“考试”后，下车从主驾驶一侧**逆时针**绕车至右绕车点，按压按钮时需听见“经过车尾”方可松手。

![右后](https://xumin.net/static/img/5be171759fe8349963687cf41f29fe50.webp)

2. 再逆时针绕车至车辆左前绕车点，按压按钮听见“经过车前”方可松手。

![左前](https://xumin.net/static/img/9b1f4dc3e44661506f77f9a8d2c619d7.webp)

3. 然后逆时针绕车至主驾驶位方可二次上车。

4. 上车后根据考生自身习惯调整座椅后视镜，检查仪表盘，最后系上安全带，踩刹车打火，上车准备项目完成。

# 二、模拟灯光操作

考试用车灯光调整位置如下：

- 打开车灯与关闭车灯

![灯光一](https://xumin.net/static/img/ecbff88cb3f687369d6e002b6bfe867c.webp)

- 远光灯与近光灯切换: 往后拨为切换为远光灯，回正为切换为近光灯

![灯光二](https://xumin.net/static/img/e125aa453457f592251e4da956e92144.webp)

- 双闪应急灯

![灯光三](https://xumin.net/static/img/3608993ce7c501553c4b72c0848bf98b.webp)

语音开始播报后，考生应根据语音提示在5秒内进行模拟夜间灯光操作，将从以下项目中随机抽取7项进行考试：

1. 请开启前照灯（近光灯）
2. 夜间在无照明或照明不良道路上行驶（远光灯）
3. 夜间在照明良好的道路上行驶（近光灯）
4. 夜间通过没有交通信号灯路口（远近交替）
5. 夜间通过拱桥（远近交替）
6. 夜间通过人行横道（远近交替）
7. 夜间通过坡路（远近交替）
8. 夜间在没有路灯照明不良条件下行驶（远光灯）
9. 夜间在窄路与非机动会车（近光灯）
10. 夜间通过急弯（远近交替）
11. 夜间会车（近光灯）
12. 夜间同方向近距离跟车行驶（近光灯）
13. 请将前照灯变换成远光（远光灯）
14. 夜间超越前方车辆（远近交替）
15. 夜间临时靠边停车（示廓灯、应急灯）
16. 关闭所有灯光

---

**注意：** 

- 5秒内做对应动作，超时扣100分。
- 远光灯做错扣5分，不做扣100分。
- 远近交替匀速拨。
- 灯光考试是随机的。
- 如果关闭所有灯光之前状态仍为远光灯，可以直接调节旋钮关闭所有灯光，无需动操纵杆。

---

**注意：** 考试的时候转向灯一定不能忘记，灯光扣分如下：

- 转向灯不打，扣100分
- 拨错一次，扣100分 

# 三、起步

系统播报起步语音后

1. 观察左右后视镜是否具备起步条件，在具备起步条件后。
2. 开启左转向灯。
3. 踩刹车挂前进档松手刹。
4. 左转向灯时间大于3秒后，慢抬刹车起步。（十秒内完成起步操作）。

# 四、路口左转弯

当听到语音提示“路口左转弯”后：

1. 开启左转向灯3秒后。
2. 减速按导向箭头行驶至左转车道，如需变道要使用相应的转向灯，转向灯时间要大于3秒。
3. 在车辆行驶至路口停止线前30米内减速（刹车）慢行。
4. 行驶至路口时需左右观察（扭头）是否有行人通行，有行人通行需停车让行。
5. 转弯完成后应及时**关闭左转向灯**。

# 五、路口右转弯

当听到语音提示“路口右转弯”后

1. 开启右转向灯（大于3秒）后。
2. 减速按导向箭头行驶至右转车道，如需变道要使用相应的转向灯，转向灯时间要大于3秒。
3. 按导向箭头右转至右转车道。
4. 车辆行驶至路口停止线前30米内减速（刹车）慢行。
5. 转弯完成后应及时关闭转向灯。

# 六、掉头

当听到语音提示“掉头”后：

1. 开启左转向灯3秒以上。
2. 通过（左）后视镜观察左后方交通情况，确认安全后，方可降低车速，驶入掉头区域。
3. 驶入掉头区域时应左右观察路况，确认安全后方可掉头。
4. 掉头完成驶入新车道，正常行驶后，**关闭左转向灯**。

---

**注意：**

- 未开启转向灯，扣100分。
- 打完转向灯不到3秒动转向，扣100分。
- 未减速慢行，扣100分。
- 拐弯过程中，转向灯关闭，扣100分。
- 压线，扣100分，
- 未左右观察周围环境，扣100分。

---

# 七、变更车道（安全员根据道路实际情况手动触发该项目）

当听到语音提示“变更车道”时：

1. 开启左转灯3s以上。
2. 通过（左）后视镜观察左后方交通情况，确认安全后，方可降低车速，慢打方向将车辆变至左道。
3. 当车辆完全进入左道并将车辆方向调整后，**关闭左转向灯**，变更车道项目完成。

# 八、超车（安全员根据道路实际情况手动触发该项目）

当听到语音提示“超车”后：

1. 开启左转向灯3秒以上，同时通过（左）后视镜观察（扭头）左后方交通情况。
2. 确认安全后，方可向左转动方向盘（注意打方向角度要小），驶入左侧超车道。
3. 当车辆完全进入左侧超车道并将车辆方向调正后，**关闭左转向灯**进行超车（略微踩油门）。
4. 在超车道行驶10秒以上，并确认右侧区域安全时，开启右转向灯3秒以上，同时通过（右）后视镜观察（扭头）右后方。
5. 确认安全后，方可向右转动方向盘（注意打方向角度要小）驶入原车道，正常行驶，**关闭右转向灯**。
6. 当不具备超车条件时，可等待条件允许时，完成超车动作，禁止右侧超车。

---

**注意：**

- 未开启转向灯，扣100分。
- 打完转向灯不到3秒动转向，扣100分。
- 压线，扣100分，
- 变更车道或超车过程中，转向灯关闭，扣100分。
- 未左右观察周围环境，扣100分。

---

# 九、直行通过路口

当听到语音提示“直行通过路口”后：

1. 考生需在车辆行驶至路口停止线前30米内减速（刹车）慢行。
2. 行驶至路口时需左右观察（扭头）是否有行人通过，有行人通过需停车让行。

# 十、通过人行横道线

通过人行横道线**没有**语音提示

1. 考生需在车辆行驶至路口停止线前30米内减速（刹车）慢行。
2. 行驶至路口时需左右观察（扭头）是否有行人通行，有行人通行需停车让行。

# 十一、通过公交车站

通过公交汽车站**没有**语音提示，考生看到公交汽车占标志牌后：

1. 应减速慢行（刹车）并在进入该区域前车速低于30km/h。
2. 左右观察（扭头），注意避让公交车辆及行人，确认安全后方可通过。

# 十二、通过学校区域

通过学校区域**没有**语音提示，考生看到学校区域标志牌后：

1. 减速慢行（刹车），在进入该区域前车速低于30km/h并减速（刹车）慢行。
2. 左右观察（扭头），注意避让学生行人，确认安全后方可通过。

---

**注意：**

- 未减速慢行，扣100分。
- 未左右观察周围环境，扣100分。

---

# 十三、会车（安全员根据道路实际情况手动触发该项目）

当听到语音提示“会车”后，减速行驶。

# 十四、直线行驶（安全员根据道路实际情况手动触发该项目）

当听到语音提示“直线行驶”后：

考生应目视前方，双手控制好方向盘，保持车辆直线行驶，直线行驶车辆左右偏移量不能超过30cm。

---

**注意：** 
- 以中间的虚线与右边实线为参照物，能看多远看多远，不要看车头。
- 方向盘不要握太死，放松。
- 方向盘可以微调，$5^{\circ}$以内。

---

# 十五、靠边停车

当听到语音提示“靠边停车”后：

1. 开启右转向灯3秒以上。
2. 同时通过（右）后视镜观察右后方交通情况，确认安全后，将车辆（右侧）平行停放在小于路沿石（或者道路边缘实线）30cm以内处。
3. 不能压到路沿石（或道路边缘实线）。
4. 刹车踩到底，关闭右转向灯，挂P停车档，拉手刹，熄火，观察左后视镜确认安全后（5秒后），开关车门（5秒内完成）。
5. 听到语音提示“考试合格”或“考试不合格”后，观察左后方交通情况，确认安全后，解安全带，打开车门下车，考试完毕。

![开门](https://xumin.net/static/img/bcbacc65ce102aaa7d6706d66e536072.webp)

![关门](https://xumin.net/static/img/35b0aae9b4e6566640f95790c21cb75d.webp)

如果第一次考试中途不合格，语音提示“考试不合格，请把车开回起点”，听从安全员指挥将车辆靠右停稳后，由安全员把车开回起点，进行第二次考试。

考后成绩合格需要签字确认。

并在最后到待考区取走包和手机。

---

# 西安市西部科目三考场线路图

## 路线一

![路线一](https://xumin.net/static/img/26df48e275ab9c3fd790d8d7e3cd851c.webp)

路线描述：

发车区距考场直线距离800米（摆渡车接送考生前往）。

起点行驶150米处左转，至园区三路行驶200米处左转，至生态一路行驶380米处右转，行驶210米处掉头，行驶210米处左转，行驶230米处右转，至园区二路行驶980米处掉头，行驶980米右转，至生态一路行驶150米处右转，至园区三路行驶200米处右转，至靠边停车区域150米后停车，考试结束。

线路长度：3840米。

## 路线二

![路线二](https://xumin.net/static/img/13fb89eab1bba113d8bc38ffeb289171.webp)

线路描述：

发车区距考场直线距离800米（摆渡车接送考生前往）。

起点行驶150米处左转，至园区三路行驶200米处左转，至生态一路行驶150米处左转，至园区二路行驶200米处右转，至生态二路行驶130米处左转，至园区一路行驶400米处左转，至生态四路行驶500米处掉头后，原路返回，至靠边停车区域后停车，考试结束。

线路长度：3460米。

## 路线三

![路线三](https://xumin.net/static/img/992a09d975cecc68842200704ea4661f.webp)

线路描述：

发车区距考场直线距离800米（摆渡车接送考生前往）。

起点行驶150米处左转园区三路，行驶200米处左转至生态一路，行驶150米处左转至园区二路，行驶200米处右转至生态二路，行驶150米处右转至园区三路，行驶780米处右转至生态五路，行驶280米处掉头，原路返回，至靠边停车区域后停车，考试结束。

线路长度：3820米。

# Waiting for the Exam

1. Assemble at the designated location and use your ID card to receive the exam number plate.

2. Go to the second floor and use your ID card for identity verification. The following requirements apply:

* Hats are not allowed.
* Masks are not allowed.
* Photochromic glasses are not allowed.
* Your chin must be fully visible.

If the ID card cannot be read successfully, wait patiently for manual verification.

3. Enter the waiting hall and wait for your name to be called.

4. After your name is called, go downstairs and take the shuttle bus to the exam waiting area. Store your phone in the electronic lockers at the back and wait patiently for your name to be called again. This may take quite a long time.

5. After your name is called, get into the vehicle and adjust the seat properly. When ready, state your name and the last four digits of your ID number, then look at the camera in front of you.

6. After facial recognition is completed in the driver’s seat, you are no longer allowed to speak.



# I. Pre-Driving Preparation

1. When you hear the voice prompt “Identity verification successful. Please get into the vehicle and begin the exam,” wait until you hear the word “exam,” then get out of the vehicle. Starting from the driver’s side, walk **counterclockwise** around the vehicle to the right rear inspection point. Press and hold the button until you hear “passed the rear of the vehicle,” then release it.

![Right Rear](https://xumin.net/static/img/5be171759fe8349963687cf41f29fe50.webp)

2. Continue counterclockwise to the left front inspection point. Press and hold the button until you hear “passed the front of the vehicle,” then release it.

![Left Front](https://xumin.net/static/img/9b1f4dc3e44661506f77f9a8d2c619d7.webp)

3. Continue counterclockwise back to the driver’s seat, then get into the vehicle for the second time.

4. After getting into the vehicle, adjust the seat and rear-view mirrors according to your own driving habits, check the instrument panel, and finally fasten the seat belt. Press the brake pedal and start the engine. The pre-driving preparation item is then complete.

# II. Simulated Lighting Operation

The lighting controls in the exam vehicle are as follows:

* Turn the vehicle lights on and off

![Lights 1](https://xumin.net/static/img/ecbff88cb3f687369d6e002b6bfe867c.webp)

* Switch between high beam and low beam: pull the lever backward to switch to high beam; return it to the normal position to switch back to low beam.

![Lights 2](https://xumin.net/static/img/e125aa453457f592251e4da956e92144.webp)

* Hazard warning lights

![Lights 3](https://xumin.net/static/img/3608993ce7c501553c4b72c0848bf98b.webp)

After the voice prompt begins, the candidate must perform the corresponding simulated nighttime-lighting operation within 5 seconds.

Seven items will be selected randomly from the following:

1. Please turn on the headlights — **low beam**
2. Driving at night on a road with no lighting or poor lighting — **high beam**
3. Driving at night on a well-lit road — **low beam**
4. Passing through an intersection without traffic lights at night — **alternate high and low beams**
5. Passing over an arch bridge at night — **alternate high and low beams**
6. Passing a pedestrian crossing at night — **alternate high and low beams**
7. Passing a slope at night — **alternate high and low beams**
8. Driving at night under poor lighting conditions with no streetlights — **high beam**
9. Meeting a non-motor vehicle on a narrow road at night — **low beam**
10. Passing a sharp bend at night — **alternate high and low beams**
11. Meeting an oncoming vehicle at night — **low beam**
12. Following another vehicle at close distance in the same direction at night — **low beam**
13. Please switch the headlights to high beam — **high beam**
14. Overtaking the vehicle ahead at night — **alternate high and low beams**
15. Temporary roadside parking at night — **position lights + hazard warning lights**
16. Turn off all lights

---

**Notes:**

* Perform the corresponding action within 5 seconds. Exceeding the time limit deducts 100 points.
* Incorrect use of high beam deducts 5 points; failing to perform the action deducts 100 points.
* When alternating high and low beams, operate the lever at an even pace.
* The lighting questions are randomly selected.
* If the headlights are still on high beam before the “turn off all lights” instruction, you may directly turn the rotary switch to the off position. There is no need to operate the stalk.

---

**Important:** During the exam, never forget the turn signal. Turn-signal penalties are:

* Failing to use the turn signal: deduct 100 points
* Using the wrong turn signal once: deduct 100 points

# III. Starting Off

After the system gives the voice prompt to start:

1. Check the left and right rear-view mirrors to confirm that conditions are safe for starting.
2. Turn on the left turn signal.
3. Press the brake pedal, shift into Drive, and release the parking brake.
4. After the left turn signal has been on for more than 3 seconds, slowly release the brake and start moving. Complete the starting procedure within 10 seconds.

# IV. Left Turn at an Intersection

After hearing the voice prompt “Turn left at the intersection”:

1. Turn on the left turn signal and wait more than 3 seconds.
2. Slow down and follow the lane-direction arrows into the left-turn lane. If a lane change is required, use the corresponding turn signal and keep it on for more than 3 seconds.
3. Within 30 m before the stop line, slow down by applying the brake.
4. At the intersection, look left and right by turning your head to check for pedestrians. If pedestrians are crossing, stop and yield.
5. After completing the turn, promptly **turn off the left turn signal**.

# V. Right Turn at an Intersection

After hearing the voice prompt “Turn right at the intersection”:

1. Turn on the right turn signal for more than 3 seconds.
2. Slow down and follow the lane-direction arrows into the right-turn lane. If a lane change is required, use the corresponding turn signal for more than 3 seconds.
3. Follow the lane-direction arrows and turn right into the right-turn lane.
4. Within 30 m before the stop line, slow down by applying the brake.
5. After completing the turn, promptly turn off the turn signal.

# VI. U-Turn

After hearing the voice prompt “Make a U-turn”:

1. Turn on the left turn signal for more than 3 seconds.
2. Observe traffic behind and to the left through the left rear-view mirror. After confirming safety, reduce speed and enter the U-turn area.
3. While entering the U-turn area, look left and right to check surrounding traffic conditions. Make the U-turn only after confirming that it is safe.
4. After completing the U-turn and entering the new lane, return to normal driving and **turn off the left turn signal**.

---

**Notes:**

* Failing to use the turn signal: deduct 100 points.
* Turning the steering wheel less than 3 seconds after activating the signal: deduct 100 points.
* Failing to slow down: deduct 100 points.
* Turn signal switching off during the turn: deduct 100 points.
* Crossing a lane line: deduct 100 points.
* Failing to look left and right at the surrounding environment: deduct 100 points.

---

# VII. Lane Change

*(This item is manually triggered by the safety officer according to actual road conditions.)*

After hearing the voice prompt “Change lanes”:

1. Turn on the left turn signal for more than 3 seconds.
2. Observe traffic behind and to the left through the left rear-view mirror. After confirming safety, reduce speed and gently turn the steering wheel to move into the left lane.
3. After the vehicle has completely entered the left lane and the steering direction has been corrected, **turn off the left turn signal**. The lane-change item is complete.

# VIII. Overtaking

*(This item is manually triggered by the safety officer according to actual road conditions.)*

After hearing the voice prompt “Overtake”:

1. Turn on the left turn signal for more than 3 seconds while checking traffic behind and to the left through the left rear-view mirror and by turning your head.
2. After confirming safety, gently turn the steering wheel to the left and enter the left overtaking lane. Keep the steering input small.
3. Once the vehicle has completely entered the overtaking lane and is straight, **turn off the left turn signal** and begin overtaking. Apply the accelerator slightly if necessary.
4. Drive in the overtaking lane for more than 10 seconds. After confirming that the area on the right is safe, turn on the right turn signal for more than 3 seconds while checking traffic behind and to the right through the right rear-view mirror and by turning your head.
5. After confirming safety, gently turn the steering wheel to the right and return to the original lane. Continue driving normally and **turn off the right turn signal**.
6. If overtaking conditions are not suitable, wait until conditions permit. Overtaking on the right is prohibited.

---

**Notes:**

* Failing to use the turn signal: deduct 100 points.
* Turning the steering wheel less than 3 seconds after activating the signal: deduct 100 points.
* Crossing a lane line: deduct 100 points.
* Turn signal switching off during the lane change or overtaking maneuver: deduct 100 points.
* Failing to observe the surrounding environment: deduct 100 points.

---

# IX. Going Straight Through an Intersection

After hearing the voice prompt “Go straight through the intersection”:

1. Within 30 m before the stop line, slow down by applying the brake.
2. At the intersection, look left and right by turning your head to check whether pedestrians are crossing. If pedestrians are present, stop and yield.

# X. Passing a Pedestrian Crossing

There is **no voice prompt** when passing a pedestrian crossing.

1. Within 30 m before the stop line, slow down by applying the brake.
2. When reaching the crossing, look left and right by turning your head to check for pedestrians. If pedestrians are crossing, stop and yield.

# XI. Passing a Bus Stop

There is **no voice prompt** when passing a bus stop.

After seeing the bus-stop sign:

1. Slow down by applying the brake and reduce speed to below 30 km/h before entering the area.
2. Look left and right by turning your head, watch for buses and pedestrians, and pass only after confirming that it is safe.

# XII. Passing a School Zone

There is **no voice prompt** when passing a school zone.

After seeing the school-zone sign:

1. Slow down by applying the brake. Reduce speed to below 30 km/h before entering the area and continue driving slowly.
2. Look left and right by turning your head, pay attention to students and pedestrians, and pass only after confirming safety.

---

**Notes:**

* Failing to slow down: deduct 100 points.
* Failing to observe the surrounding environment: deduct 100 points.

---

# XIII. Meeting Oncoming Traffic

*(This item is manually triggered by the safety officer according to actual road conditions.)*

After hearing the voice prompt “Meet oncoming traffic,” reduce speed.

# XIV. Straight-Line Driving

*(This item is manually triggered by the safety officer according to actual road conditions.)*

After hearing the voice prompt “Drive straight”:

Look far ahead, keep both hands controlling the steering wheel, and maintain straight-line driving. The vehicle’s lateral deviation must not exceed 30 cm.

---

**Notes:**

* Use the center dashed line and the solid line on the right as references. Look as far ahead as possible rather than staring at the front of the vehicle.
* Do not grip the steering wheel too tightly. Stay relaxed.
* Small steering corrections are allowed, within approximately $5^{\circ}$.

---

# XV. Pulling Over and Parking

After hearing the voice prompt “Pull over and park”:

1. Turn on the right turn signal for more than 3 seconds.
2. At the same time, observe traffic behind and to the right through the right rear-view mirror. After confirming safety, park the vehicle parallel to the curb, or the solid road-edge line, with the right side of the vehicle less than 30 cm away.
3. Do not touch or cross the curb or solid road-edge line.
4. Press the brake pedal fully, turn off the right turn signal, shift into `P`, apply the parking brake, and switch off the engine. Check the left rear-view mirror and confirm that it is safe. After 5 seconds, open and close the door, completing this within 5 seconds.
5. After hearing either “Exam passed” or “Exam failed,” check traffic behind and to the left. After confirming safety, unfasten the seat belt, open the door, and exit the vehicle. The exam is complete.

![Open Door](https://xumin.net/static/img/bcbacc65ce102aaa7d6706d66e536072.webp)

![Close Door](https://xumin.net/static/img/35b0aae9b4e6566640f95790c21cb75d.webp)

If you fail during the first attempt, the system will announce:

“Exam failed. Please drive the vehicle back to the starting point.”

Follow the safety officer’s instructions and pull over safely on the right. The safety officer will then drive the vehicle back to the starting point for the second attempt.

After passing the exam, you must sign to confirm the result.

Finally, return to the waiting area to collect your bag and phone.

---

# Route Map for Xi’an Western Subject 3 Examination Center

## Route 1

![Route 1](https://xumin.net/static/img/26df48e275ab9c3fd790d8d7e3cd851c.webp)

Route description:

The departure area is approximately 800 m in a straight line from the examination center. Candidates are transported there by shuttle bus.

Drive 150 m from the starting point and turn left. Drive 200 m along Yuanqu 3rd Road and turn left. Drive 380 m along Shengtai 1st Road and turn right. Drive 210 m and make a U-turn. Drive 210 m and turn left. Drive 230 m and turn right. Continue along Yuanqu 2nd Road for 980 m and make a U-turn. Drive 980 m and turn right. Continue along Shengtai 1st Road for 150 m and turn right. Continue along Yuanqu 3rd Road for 200 m and turn right. After another 150 m, enter the pull-over parking area and stop. The exam is complete.

Route length: 3840 m.

## Route 2

![Route 2](https://xumin.net/static/img/13fb89eab1bba113d8bc38ffeb289171.webp)

Route description:

The departure area is approximately 800 m in a straight line from the examination center. Candidates are transported there by shuttle bus.

Drive 150 m from the starting point and turn left. Drive 200 m along Yuanqu 3rd Road and turn left. Drive 150 m along Shengtai 1st Road and turn left. Drive 200 m along Yuanqu 2nd Road and turn right. Drive 130 m along Shengtai 2nd Road and turn left. Drive 400 m along Yuanqu 1st Road and turn left. Drive 500 m along Shengtai 4th Road and make a U-turn. Return along the same route and stop in the pull-over parking area. The exam is complete.

Route length: 3460 m.

## Route 3

![Route 3](https://xumin.net/static/img/992a09d975cecc68842200704ea4661f.webp)

Route description:

The departure area is approximately 800 m in a straight line from the examination center. Candidates are transported there by shuttle bus.

Drive 150 m from the starting point and turn left onto Yuanqu 3rd Road. Drive 200 m and turn left onto Shengtai 1st Road. Drive 150 m and turn left onto Yuanqu 2nd Road. Drive 200 m and turn right onto Shengtai 2nd Road. Drive 150 m and turn right onto Yuanqu 3rd Road. Drive 780 m and turn right onto Shengtai 5th Road. Drive 280 m and make a U-turn. Return along the same route and stop in the pull-over parking area. The exam is complete.

Route length: 3820 m.

C2驾照：科目三

C2 Driver’s License: Subject 3

# 上车后准备工作
1. **调整座椅** （座椅是否调节合适直接会影响到【刹车】踏板的控制）

---

2. **调节后视镜** （后视镜是否调节直接会影响到所有需要通过后视镜看的点位）
- 把旋钮拨到L调节左后视镜，调整车身占后视镜中$\dfrac{1}{3}$。
- 先往上调节保证能看到左后门把手，再玩下调，让左后门把手顶着后视镜的上边缘。
- 注意确保能看到左后轮。

类似地，调节右后视镜
- 把旋钮拨到R调节右后视镜，调整车身占后视镜中$\dfrac{1}{3}$。
- 先往上调节保证能看到右后门把手，再玩下调，让右后门把手顶着后视镜的上边缘。

如果后视镜调不到位置可以通过座椅的调节和坐姿的变化去改变。

---

3. 车辆行驶前不要着急踩刹车挂前进档，一定要检查下**手刹**是否送到底，**安全带**是否佩戴，检查**车门**是否完全关闭。仪表盘上都有显示。

---

4. 慢抬刹车 确认所有准备工作都已经好了就可以挂挡然后慢慢地松刹车

---

进入项目前容易扣分的地方：
- 手刹未松到底
- 未按规定使用安全带
- 车门未完全关闭



# 一、倒车入库

**考试操作要求：** 从道路一端控制线（两个前轮触地点再控制线以外），倒入车库停车，再前进出库向另一端控制线行驶，待两个前轮触地点均行驶过控制线后，倒入车库停车，前进驶出车库，回到起始点。考试过程中，车辆进退途中不得停车。项目完成时间不得超过210秒。

![reverse](https://xumin.net/static/img/08d5d0294382fbc0f089e79b4478d6f1.webp)

1. 进项目的时候方向盘一定要对好领线 **（2-3虚线中心）**，边走边修正方向尽量让车直着进入项目，车头偏左会导致肩膀点到的过早，车头偏右会导致肩膀点到的晚。车身偏左倒库时容易压左边线，车身偏右会导致进库的时候夹角不够，导致不知道如何调整或压库角和边线。
2. 入库后如果车身不正一定要及时调整车身。
3. 右倒库做完出库时一定要等左后轮出库角了再打方向，打早了会导致左倒库进库的时候夹角不够从而导致不知道怎么调整或压库角和边线，打晚了倒库时容易压右边线。
4. 左倒库出库的时候不用等后轮出库即将到库角的时候就可以打方向（具体情况根据车身与边线距离而定）。

**考试考核标准：**

<table class="tg">
<tbody>
  <tr>
    <td class="tg-0pky">1. 不按规定路线、顺序行驶</td>
    <td class="tg-0pky">不合格</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td class="tg-0pky">2. 车身出线</td>
    <td class="tg-0pky">不合格</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td class="tg-0pky">3. 倒库不入</td>
    <td class="tg-0pky">不合格</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td class="tg-0pky">4. 未将两前轮触地点驶过控制线</td>
    <td class="tg-0pky">不合格</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td class="tg-0pky">5. 时间超过210秒</td>
    <td class="tg-0pky">不合格</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td class="tg-0pky">6. 中途停车超过2秒</td>
    <td class="tg-0pky">扣5分/次</td>
  </tr>
</tbody>
</table>

# 二、侧方停车
**考试操作要求：** 车辆在库前方一次倒车入库，中途不得停车，车轮不触轧车道边线，车身不触碰库位边线。再前进向左前方出库，出库前应开启左转向灯，出库过程中车轮不触轧车道边线，车身不触碰库位边线，出库后关闭转向灯。项目完成时间不得超过90秒。

![side parking](https://xumin.net/static/img/ac7b50eb73ff77edcdecd2b525aa95b3.webp)

1. 进项目的时候一定要对领线 **（对前方红颜色警示墩）**，边走边修正方向尽量让车直着进入项目，车身偏左进库时容易压左边线，（控制车身右侧与边线30-50公分之间）。
2. 停车后一定要看后视镜车身和边线是平齐，车头往左偏会导致进库的时候提前消失，这个时候等库角消失，即刻把方向打满，如果车头往右偏倒车的时候往右打点方向把车稍微往正的调一下，防止打方向的时候车身太靠左导致压左线。
3. 进库看库底角的时候，如果库角看到时候已经过了（回正晚了）最后一把往左打满的时候不要等后轮压线，即将压上的时候就打满把车往左拉一下，防止进库后压右边线。
4. 出库的时候先打灯再去换档，等参照点到线了再去动方向，车身正了及时回正方向，防止压右边线。

**注意：** 大众车的转向灯有两个挡位，要使劲一些才能打到位。

**考试考核标准：**

<table class="tg">
<tbody>
  <tr>
    <td class="tg-0pky">1. 不按规定路线、顺序行驶</td>
    <td class="tg-0pky">不合格</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td class="tg-0pky">2. 车辆在入库停止后，车身出线</td>
    <td class="tg-0pky">不合格</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td class="tg-0pky">3. 项目完成时间超过90秒</td>
    <td class="tg-0pky">不合格</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td class="tg-0pky">4. 出库时不使用或错误使用转向灯</td>
    <td class="tg-0pky">扣10分</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td class="tg-0pky">5. 行驶中车身触碰库位边线</td>
    <td class="tg-0pky">扣10分/次</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td class="tg-0pky">6. 行驶中车轮触轧库位边线</td>
    <td class="tg-0pky">扣10分/次</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td class="tg-0pky">7. 行驶中车轮触轧车道边缘线</td>
    <td class="tg-0pky">扣10分/次</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td class="tg-0pky">8. 中途停车超过2秒</td>
    <td class="tg-0pky">扣5分/次</td>
  </tr>
</tbody>
</table>

# 三、曲线行驶

**考试操作要求：** 车辆从弯道的一端前进驶入，从另一端驶出。行驶中转向、速度平稳。中途不得停车，车轮不得碰轧车道边线。

![curve](https://xumin.net/static/img/58f80126dad6e00d895ef8988e135374.webp)

1. **进弯**：进弯的时候身体挺直让目光能看到引擎盖左右端的最远点，进弯前调节车身让车头卡在两条线的中间，进弯进好了这样后面就很感觉很顺畅。
2. **左弯**：到点左打一圈方向然后$90^{\circ}$修整法让点位贴着右边线行驶（大众车无需$+90^{\circ}$）。
3. 两弯交汇处，到点回正方向。
4. **右弯**，到点右打一圈方向然后$90^{\circ}$修整法让点位贴着左边线行驶。

**考试考核标准：**

<table class="tg">
<tbody>
  <tr>
    <td class="tg-0pky">1. 不按规定路线、顺序行驶</td>
    <td class="tg-0pky">不合格</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td class="tg-0pky">2. 车道轧道路边缘线</td>
    <td class="tg-0pky">不合格</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td class="tg-0pky">3. 中途停车时间超过2秒</td>
    <td class="tg-0pky">扣5分/次</td>
  </tr>
</tbody>
</table>

# 四、直角转弯

**考试操作要求：** 驾驶车辆按规定的线路行驶，由左向右直角转弯，一次通过，中途不得停车，车轮不得碰轧车道边线。转弯前，应开启转向灯，完成转弯后，关闭转向灯。

![quarter_turn](https://xumin.net/static/img/977fde53c813f0c9922c2dd92142ce7e.webp)

1. 进项目的时候一定要对好领线，边走边修正方向尽量让车直着进入项目，车头偏左会导致参照点到的早，车头偏右会导致参照点到的晚。
2. 过库角的时候一定要注意看左后轮和库角的距离，标准是20公分，偏差小不用管如果距离库角特别近甚至压上了就证明点偏早了后面稍微晚2-3秒再打，如果距离过宽甚至于压上了右边线则证明点偏晚了后面稍后早2-3秒打。

**考试考核标准：**

<table class="tg">
<tbody>
  <tr>
    <td class="tg-0pky">1. 不按规定路线、顺序行驶</td>
    <td class="tg-0pky">不合格</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td class="tg-0pky">2. 车道轧道路边缘线</td>
    <td class="tg-0pky">不合格</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td class="tg-0pky">3. 转弯前不使用或错误使用转向灯</td>
    <td class="tg-0pky">扣10分/次</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td class="tg-0pky">4. 转弯后不关闭转向灯</td>
    <td class="tg-0pky">扣10分/次</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td class="tg-0pky">5. 中途停车时间超过2秒</td>
    <td class="tg-0pky">扣5分/次</td>
  </tr>
</tbody>
</table>

# Preparations After Getting into the Car

1. **Adjust the seat**
   Whether the seat is adjusted properly directly affects your control of the **brake pedal**.

---

2. **Adjust the rear-view mirrors**
   Proper mirror adjustment directly affects all reference points that need to be observed through the mirrors.

* Turn the knob to `L` to adjust the left rear-view mirror. Adjust it so that the vehicle body occupies about $\dfrac{1}{3}$ of the mirror.
* First adjust the mirror upward until you can see the left rear door handle, then adjust it downward so that the left rear door handle touches the upper edge of the mirror.
* Make sure that the left rear wheel is visible.

Similarly, adjust the right rear-view mirror:

* Turn the knob to `R` to adjust the right rear-view mirror. Adjust it so that the vehicle body occupies about $\dfrac{1}{3}$ of the mirror.
* First adjust the mirror upward until you can see the right rear door handle, then adjust it downward so that the right rear door handle touches the upper edge of the mirror.

If the mirror cannot be adjusted to the desired position, you can compensate by adjusting the seat position and your sitting posture.

---

3. Before the vehicle starts moving, do not rush to press the brake and shift into Drive. Be sure to check whether the **parking brake** has been fully released, whether the **seat belt** is fastened, and whether the **doors** are completely closed. These are all indicated on the instrument panel.

---

4. Slowly release the brake. Once you have confirmed that all preparations are complete, shift into gear and slowly release the brake pedal.

---

Common points where marks may be deducted before entering an exam item:

* Parking brake not fully released
* Seat belt not fastened as required
* Door not completely closed



# I. Reverse Parking into a Garage

**Exam operation requirements:** Starting from the control line at one end of the road, with the contact points of both front wheels outside the control line, reverse into the garage and stop. Then drive forward out of the garage toward the control line at the other end. After the contact points of both front wheels have passed the control line, reverse into the garage and stop again. Then drive forward out of the garage and return to the starting point. During the exam, the vehicle must not stop while moving forward or backward. The entire item must be completed within 210 seconds.

![reverse](https://xumin.net/static/img/08d5d0294382fbc0f089e79b4478d6f1.webp)

1. When entering the item, make sure the steering wheel is aligned correctly with the guide line **(the center between the 2nd and 3rd dashed lines)**. Make small steering corrections while moving and try to enter the item with the vehicle straight. If the front of the vehicle is too far left, the shoulder reference point will arrive too early. If the front is too far right, the shoulder reference point will arrive too late. If the vehicle body is too far left, it is easy to cross the left boundary line while reversing into the garage. If the vehicle body is too far right, the entry angle may be insufficient, making it difficult to adjust and possibly causing the vehicle to hit the garage corner or boundary line.

2. After entering the garage, if the vehicle body is not straight, adjust it immediately.

3. After completing the right-side reverse parking and driving out of the garage, wait until the left rear wheel has passed the garage corner before turning the steering wheel. Turning too early may result in an insufficient angle when performing the left-side reverse parking, making adjustment difficult or causing the vehicle to hit the garage corner or boundary line. Turning too late may cause the vehicle to cross the right boundary line while reversing.

4. When driving out after the left-side reverse parking, you do not need to wait until the rear wheel has completely left the garage. You may begin turning when the rear wheel is about to reach the garage corner. The exact timing depends on the distance between the vehicle body and the boundary line.

**Exam evaluation standards:**

<table class="tg">
<tbody>
  <tr>
    <td class="tg-0pky">1. Failing to follow the prescribed route or sequence</td>
    <td class="tg-0pky">Fail</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td class="tg-0pky">2. Vehicle body crosses the boundary line</td>
    <td class="tg-0pky">Fail</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td class="tg-0pky">3. Failing to reverse fully into the garage</td>
    <td class="tg-0pky">Fail</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td class="tg-0pky">4. Failing to drive both front-wheel contact points past the control line</td>
    <td class="tg-0pky">Fail</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td class="tg-0pky">5. Completion time exceeds 210 seconds</td>
    <td class="tg-0pky">Fail</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td class="tg-0pky">6. Stopping for more than 2 seconds during the maneuver</td>
    <td class="tg-0pky">Deduct 5 points each time</td>
  </tr>
</tbody>
</table>

# II. Parallel Parking

**Exam operation requirements:** Reverse into the parking space in one continuous maneuver from in front of the space, without stopping midway. The wheels must not touch or cross the lane boundary line, and the vehicle body must not touch the parking-space boundary line. Then drive forward and exit toward the front left. Before exiting, turn on the left turn signal. During the exit, the wheels must not touch or cross the lane boundary line, and the vehicle body must not touch the parking-space boundary line. Turn off the turn signal after leaving the space. The entire item must be completed within 90 seconds.

![side parking](https://xumin.net/static/img/ac7b50eb73ff77edcdecd2b525aa95b3.webp)

1. When entering the item, align with the guide line **(aim at the red warning bollard ahead)**. Make small steering corrections while moving and try to enter with the vehicle straight. If the vehicle body is too far left, it is easy to cross the left boundary line while reversing into the space. Keep the right side of the vehicle approximately 30–50 cm from the boundary line.

2. After stopping, check in the mirror whether the vehicle body is parallel to the boundary line. If the front of the vehicle points to the left, the garage corner will disappear too early when reversing in. In this case, as soon as the garage corner disappears, turn the steering wheel fully. If the front points to the right, turn slightly to the right while reversing to straighten the vehicle a little, preventing the vehicle body from being too far left when turning and crossing the left line.

3. When observing the rear corner of the parking space during entry, if the corner has already passed when you see it, meaning the steering wheel was straightened too late, then on the final full-left turn, do not wait until the rear wheel touches the line. Turn fully just before it reaches the line to pull the vehicle slightly left and prevent crossing the right boundary line after entering the space.

4. When exiting, turn on the signal first and then shift gear. Wait until the reference point reaches the line before turning the steering wheel. Straighten the steering wheel promptly once the vehicle body is straight to avoid crossing the right boundary line.

**Note:** Volkswagen turn-signal levers have two detent positions. You need to push the lever firmly enough for it to engage fully.

**Exam evaluation standards:**

<table class="tg">
<tbody>
  <tr>
    <td class="tg-0pky">1. Failing to follow the prescribed route or sequence</td>
    <td class="tg-0pky">Fail</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td class="tg-0pky">2. Vehicle body extends outside the parking space after stopping</td>
    <td class="tg-0pky">Fail</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td class="tg-0pky">3. Completion time exceeds 90 seconds</td>
    <td class="tg-0pky">Fail</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td class="tg-0pky">4. Failing to use the turn signal or using it incorrectly when exiting</td>
    <td class="tg-0pky">Deduct 10 points</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td class="tg-0pky">5. Vehicle body touches the parking-space boundary line while moving</td>
    <td class="tg-0pky">Deduct 10 points each time</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td class="tg-0pky">6. Wheels touch or cross the parking-space boundary line while moving</td>
    <td class="tg-0pky">Deduct 10 points each time</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td class="tg-0pky">7. Wheels touch or cross the lane-edge line while moving</td>
    <td class="tg-0pky">Deduct 10 points each time</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td class="tg-0pky">8. Stopping for more than 2 seconds during the maneuver</td>
    <td class="tg-0pky">Deduct 5 points each time</td>
  </tr>
</tbody>
</table>

# III. Curve Driving

**Exam operation requirements:** Drive forward into the curved road from one end and exit from the other end. Steering and speed should remain smooth and steady. Do not stop midway, and the wheels must not touch or cross the lane boundary lines.

![curve](https://xumin.net/static/img/58f80126dad6e00d895ef8988e135374.webp)

1. **Entering the curve:** Sit upright so that you can see the farthest visible points on both the left and right edges of the hood. Before entering the curve, adjust the vehicle so that the front is centered between the two boundary lines. If you enter the curve correctly, the rest of the maneuver will feel much smoother.

2. **Left curve:** At the reference point, turn the steering wheel one full turn to the left, then use the $90^{\circ}$ correction method to keep the reference point close to the right boundary line. Volkswagen vehicles do not require the additional $+90^{\circ}$ adjustment.

3. At the transition point between the two curves, straighten the steering wheel.

4. **Right curve:** At the reference point, turn the steering wheel one full turn to the right, then use the $90^{\circ}$ correction method to keep the reference point close to the left boundary line.

**Exam evaluation standards:**

<table class="tg">
<tbody>
  <tr>
    <td class="tg-0pky">1. Failing to follow the prescribed route or sequence</td>
    <td class="tg-0pky">Fail</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td class="tg-0pky">2. Wheels cross the road-edge line</td>
    <td class="tg-0pky">Fail</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td class="tg-0pky">3. Stopping for more than 2 seconds during the maneuver</td>
    <td class="tg-0pky">Deduct 5 points each time</td>
  </tr>
</tbody>
</table>

# IV. Right-Angle Turn

**Exam operation requirements:** Drive along the prescribed route and make a right-angle turn from left to right in one continuous maneuver. Do not stop midway, and the wheels must not touch or cross the lane boundary lines. Before turning, turn on the turn signal. After completing the turn, turn off the turn signal.

![quarter\_turn](https://xumin.net/static/img/977fde53c813f0c9922c2dd92142ce7e.webp)

1. When entering the item, align correctly with the guide line. Make small steering corrections while moving and try to enter with the vehicle straight. If the front of the vehicle is too far left, the reference point will arrive too early. If the front is too far right, the reference point will arrive too late.

2. When passing the garage corner, pay close attention to the distance between the left rear wheel and the corner. The standard distance is 20 cm. If the deviation is small, no adjustment is needed. If the wheel is very close to the corner or even crosses it, the turning point was too early, so next time delay the steering input by about 2–3 seconds. If the distance is too large or the vehicle crosses the right boundary line, the turning point was too late, so next time turn about 2–3 seconds earlier.

**Exam evaluation standards:**

<table class="tg">
<tbody>
  <tr>
    <td class="tg-0pky">1. Failing to follow the prescribed route or sequence</td>
    <td class="tg-0pky">Fail</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td class="tg-0pky">2. Wheels cross the road-edge line</td>
    <td class="tg-0pky">Fail</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td class="tg-0pky">3. Failing to use the turn signal or using it incorrectly before the turn</td>
    <td class="tg-0pky">Deduct 10 points each time</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td class="tg-0pky">4. Failing to turn off the turn signal after the turn</td>
    <td class="tg-0pky">Deduct 10 points each time</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td class="tg-0pky">5. Stopping for more than 2 seconds during the maneuver</td>
    <td class="tg-0pky">Deduct 5 points each time</td>
  </tr>
</tbody>
</table>